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Foreign nationals who plan on living in Vietnam must first obtain a residence permit (RP). It grants non-citizens the right to cross borders, temporarily reside with family members, engage in business activities, and marry within the country. Residency is available for individuals moving to the country for work, study, business, and other purposes.
Local legislation offers more than 20 visa categories, some of which allow for obtaining a residence permit. The validity period of the permit depends on the category and typically ranges from one to 10 years. Specifically, a residence card is issued for investments in the following:
- Priority National Projects and Regions – starting from VND 100 billion (USD 3.9 million);
- Key Sectors of the Economy Supported by the Government – ranging from VND 50 to VND 100 billion (USD 1.9 to USD 3.9 million);
- General Economic Sectors – from VND 3 to VND 50 billion (USD 118,000 to USD 1.9 million);
- Country Development – less than VND 3 billion (USD 118,000).
Content
Benefits of a Vietnamese residence permit
The country is rapidly developing, attracting an increasing number of expats, investors and entrepreneurs. Thanks to economic and political reforms launched in the mid-1980s, it has transformed from one of the poorest nations in the world into a middle-income country.
Foreign direct investment, supported by government policies, has played a crucial role in the nation's economic progress. Its appeal as a promising destination for immigration, business and investment is further strengthened by its young, urbanised population and an expanding network of trade agreements.
Expats often seek residency to enjoy the following advantages:
- Relatively low cost of living: It may take some time to get used to the national currency (VND)—at first, some foreigners may feel like they are spending large amounts. However, most goods and services are quite affordable. Food, transportation, utilities, and real estate costs are significantly lower than in other Southeast Asian countries.
- Developed transportation system: The country offers a variety of transportation options, especially in major cities. Buses and trains provide convenient ways to get around, while motorcycles are the most popular form of transport. Both locals and foreigners can easily rent them.
- Opportunities for travel: Many expats who love to travel find the country an ideal home base for exploring the region. Affordable flights and multiple international airports, including Noi Bai International Airport and Tan Son Nhat International Airport, make travel convenient.
- Employment opportunities: Foreigners can readily find work here, particularly in education. Teachers, especially language teachers, are in high demand and can often secure well-paying jobs shortly after arrival by using social networks and local contacts.
- Reliable healthcare system: The private healthcare system in the area includes highly qualified specialists and modern technology. Many doctors come from countries such as the United States, South Korea, Japan, and France. They are well-trained, experienced, and often proficient in overcoming language barriers.
Grounds for obtaining an RP in the country
In addition to the options above, there are these visa categories:
| Visa Code | Purpose | Validity |
|---|---|---|
| LV1, LV2 | For working with government authorities/party organisations | Up to one year |
| LS | For lawyers | Up to five years |
| NN1 | For members of delegations invited by the General Secretary of the Communist Party, President, National Assembly Chairperson or Prime Minister | Up to one year |
| NN2 | For members of delegations invited by permanent members of the Communist Party Secretariat, Deputy President, Deputy National Assembly Chairperson, Deputy Prime Minister, Chairperson of the Fatherland Front, Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court, or Chief Prosecutor of the Supreme People's Procuracy | Up to one year |
| NN3 | For diplomatic, consular staff, international organization representatives at the UN or intergovernmental organisations, along with their spouses, minor children and household staff | Up to one year |
| NN4 | For those working in diplomatic, consular representations, international organizations at the UN or intergovernmental organisations and their spouses and minor children | Up to one year |
| HN | For meetings and conferences | Up to three months |
| DH | For students and interns | Up to one year |
| PV1 | For journalists residing permanently in the country | Up to one year |
| PV2 | For journalists residing temporarily in the country | Up to one year |
| VR | For family visits or other purposes | Up to six months |
| SQ | For cases specified in Article 17(3) of Law No. 47/2014/QH13 | Up to six months |
| EV | Electronic visa | Up to 30 days |
Foreigners with visas LV1, LV2, DT, NN1, NN2, DH, PV1, LD, and TT, or work permits valid for over 12 months, may apply for a temporary residence card. Additionally, this card is available to members of diplomatic missions, consular representations, international organizations at the UN, intergovernmental organizations, and their spouses, minor children, and household staff.
The temporary residence card is issued by the immigration authority or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It grants foreigners the right to reside in the country for a specified period, easing business operations and administrative matters, as well as potentially simplifying the process of buying apartments or villas in Vietnam (though this is not required for property purchases). However, only leasehold arrangements are permitted for foreigners; unlike citizens, foreigners cannot own land outright.
A temporary residence permit must be at least 30 days shorter than the passport’s remaining validity. Cards designated DT1 are valid for up to 10 years; those labeled NG3, LV1, LV2, LS, DT2, and DH are valid for up to 5 years; NN1, NN2, DT3, and TT cards for up to 3 years; and LD1, LD2, and PV1 cards for up to 2 years.
Business Visa
A business visa in Vietnam is a short-term residence permit issued to foreigners working in a local company. It allows the holder to attend meetings and negotiations, sign contracts, and handle other work-related matters without holding a full work visa. The validity of this visa can range from 30 to 90 days, and it offers options for both single and multiple entries.
This visa is divided into two categories:
- DN1 – issued to foreigners working in organizations legally established under national law.
- DN2 – issued to foreigners who enter the country to provide services, establish a commercial presence, or carry out other activities in accordance with international treaties in which it participates.
Those from visa-exempt countries do not need this type of visa. Others can apply at an embassy or consulate in their country of residence, upon arrival at an international airport, or online via the e-visa portal.
It is important to note that this visa category is not intended for those seeking residency. However, it may interest investors who wish to explore the country’s economic landscape before committing capital.
Family Visa
The TT, or family visa, also known as a dependent visa, allows spouses, children, and parents of Vietnamese citizens or residents to enter or stay in the country for extended periods. Spouses and minor children of residents holding LV1, LV2, LS, DT1, DT2, DT3, NN1, NN2, DH, PV1, LD1, and LD2 visas are also eligible for this visa.
To obtain a family visa, foreign nationals must have a sponsor in the area with whom they share a marital or family relationship. This type of permit can be acquired at an embassy or consulate in the applicant’s home country or upon arrival, depending on the applicant’s nationality.
Work Visa
A work visa allows foreigners to live and work legally in the area, with a maximum validity of two years. Visa holders have the right to renew their status if they continue to meet the necessary criteria. There are two types of work visas:
- LD1 – issued to foreigners with a certificate of work permit exemption (if allowed by international treaties Vietnam has signed).
- LD2 – issued to foreigners who require a work permit to be employed legally.
The applicant must have a job offer from a company that will sponsor their visa application and travel arrangements.
Foreigners seeking a work visa should ask their prospective employer to submit a visa approval letter application (LD letter) to the Immigration Department. Once approved, the visa can be obtained either at an embassy or consulate abroad or upon arrival, depending on the type of approval letter issued.
The most important document for a work visa application is the work permit or official exemption letter. Exemptions may apply to certain foreign specialists, managers, or other professionals under specific criteria outlined in national laws or international agreements.
For this visa, applicants must also provide a criminal background check and undergo a medical examination to confirm their health status. The cost of the visa includes fees for the approval letter and for stamping at the embassy or upon arrival.
Investor Visa
The DT visa is available for foreign investors and is valid for one to ten years, depending on the investment amount. It is divided into the following categories:
| Visa Code | Purpose | Investment Amount |
|---|---|---|
| DT1 | For foreign nationals and representatives of foreign organisations investing at least VND 100 billion (USD 3.9 million) in industries, professions, or areas specified by the local government. | ≥ VND 100 billion (USD 3.9 million) |
| DT2 | For investors contributing between VND 50 and VND 100 billion (USD 1.9 – 3.9 million) in certain sectors. | VND 50 – 100 billion (USD 1.9 – 3.9 million) |
| DT3 | For investments ranging from VND 3 to VND 50 billion (USD 118,000 – 1.9 million) in specified industries. | VND 3 – 50 billion (USD 118,000 – 1.9 million) |
| DT4 | For investments under VND 3 billion (USD 118,000) in areas aligned with the country’s development goals. | < VND 3 billion (USD 118,000) |
It is important to note that holders of a DT4 visa are not eligible to obtain a temporary residence card or sponsor family members.
Student Visa
Foreign nationals enrolled in a Vietnamese university may apply for a student visa, which is generally issued after arrival in the country. Students may enter on a tourist visa and later apply to change their status with the Immigration Department upon enrolling in a course.
The student visa allows temporary residency for the duration of study but does not permit employment unless specified in the study program.
To extend the visa, students should contact the Immigration Department with documents confirming their current status and academic institution if the program duration extends beyond the initial visa period (e.g., for academic breaks or progression to a graduate program). Foreign students are also required to report any changes, such as a transfer to a different school or program.
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DDA REAL ESTATEVietnam residency requirements: Documents
The standard application package includes:
- A completed application form
- A sponsorship statement from the inviting party, which can be a business, agency, or private individual
- A criminal background check
- Two 3 x 4 cm photographs
- A passport with at least 13 months of remaining validity
- Proof of residence registration certified by local police
- Evidence of grounds for residence, such as a work permit, certificate of work permit exemption, or documents proving familial relationships with Vietnamese citizens or residents
Foreign documents must be translated into Vietnamese and legalized by a consulate. Applicants should prepare Form NA7 or NA8, depending on the grounds for residency. A sample form is available online or at the Immigration Department. The form should include the applicant’s personal details, and contact information, and be signed and stamped at the local police station.
How to obtain a residence permit in Vietnam step by step?
The application procedure involves the following steps:
| Step | Details |
|---|---|
| Preparation of Necessary Documentation | Complete the application form, obtain a criminal background check, make copies and translations and gather other required documents. Ensure that the passport meets Vietnam's immigration validity requirements and confirm that the residency grounds are accurately stated. Applicants may consult a lawyer or consultant for assistance with documentation and legalisation processes. |
| Submitting the Application | Apply and submit the required documents to the Immigration Department or local immigration office. Properly completed forms will result in receiving an NB7 receipt confirming acceptance of the documents and a scheduled result announcement date. If any errors are found, the applicant will need to correct them, provide missing information and/or submit additional documentation. |
| Receiving the Residence Permit | On the specified date, the applicant must personally visit the department in the country, provide identification, and pay the government fees. The applicant’s signature in the official registry is required to confirm the issuance of the residence card. |
Benefits of the resident card in Vietnam
A temporary residence card in Vietnam grants foreigners the right to:
- Cross the national border without needing additional permits
- Stay in the country long-term without the usual 30-day limit or the need for border runs
- Register a business
- Engage in scientific activities
- Open bank accounts locally with simplified procedures
- Obtain legal employment
- Pursue education
Reasons for denial of a residence permit in Vietnam
The most common reasons for application rejection include:
- A passport nearing expiration when the stay in Vietnam exceeds 30 days from the entry date
- Applicants under 14 traveling without parents, guardians, or other authorized representatives
- Use of false documents or information, resulting in an invalid entry and residence permit
- Presence of infectious and/or mental illnesses posing a risk to public safety
- Expulsion from the country within the past three years
- A forced departure decision issued within the last six months
- Temporary restrictions on entry due to national health or safety emergencies
In the first two cases, applicants can easily rectify the situation. An expired passport can be replaced with a new one, and for minors under 14, a parent or guardian can submit the application on their behalf. For other cases, applicants are encouraged to consult an immigration attorney who can assess the issue individually and suggest possible solutions.
How to renew a residence permit in Vietnam
When the residence card’s validity period ends, the foreign national can apply to the Immigration Department to extend their status. Required documents include:
- NA5 declaration form
- Valid passport
- Photograph
- Proof of grounds for residence
- Sponsorship statement (if residency is based on work, study, or family relations)
- Receipt of government fee payment
Fees and processing times for a permanent residency in Vietnam
When applying for a residence card, the applicant must pay an application fee, the amount of which depends on the card's validity period.
| Validity Period | Fee |
|---|---|
| Up to two years | USD 145 |
| From two to five years | USD 155 |
| From five to 10 years | USD 165 |
| Card Renewal | USD 10 |
The processing time for a residence permit application is five business days, provided that all documents are correctly submitted. Applicants can check the status of their application online via the official website of the Immigration Department. The residence permit is a plastic card featuring the applicant’s photo, personal information, and the validity period of the document.
Most popular method for obtaining residency
“The most common ways to legalize residency in the country include obtaining an investment, work, or family visa. Ultimately, each person should choose the type of visa that best suits their unique circumstances, financial situation, and future plans. National immigration laws offer numerous options, so it’s essential to carefully explore all available avenues before making a decision,” says Roman Beletsky.
How to get citizenship in Vietnam
Residents who have lived continuously in the country for three years can apply for a permanent residence permit. After another five years, they may apply for citizenship through naturalization. Foreigners must meet the following requirements to qualify:
- Full legal capacity under local law
- Compliance with Vietnam’s Constitution and laws, as well as respect for local traditions and customs
- Proficiency in the official language at a level sufficient for social integration
- Financial stability to support living in the country
Foreign nationals may obtain citizenship without meeting all of the above requirements if they are the spouse, child, or parent of a Vietnamese citizen or if they have made a notable contribution to the development and security of the country. To gain citizenship, applicants must renounce their previous citizenship, except in specific cases as determined by the President of Vietnam. Individuals may be denied a passport if its issuance would threaten the country’s national interests.
To apply for citizenship through naturalization, the following documents are required:
- Naturalization application form
- Copies of the birth certificate, passport, or other identity document of the applicant
- Completed application form
- Criminal record certificates from both Vietnamese and foreign authorities
- Certificate proving proficiency in the Vietnamese language
- Proof of permanent residence in Vietnam
- Health insurance policy
FAQ
For obtaining a residence permit through investment, the expenses for the primary applicant start at VND 3 billion (USD 118,000).
The standard package includes copies of identification documents, proof of permanent residence in the republic, grounds for residency and a health insurance policy.
If the foreign applicant submits a complete set of documents and a correctly filled application form, the request will be processed within five business days.
No, currently, buying houses or apartments in Vietnam does not qualify as grounds for obtaining residency.
Yes, the spouse and immediate relatives of the primary applicant may qualify for resident status.
A resident must renew their status if they wish to continue residing in the country.
Foreign nationals who have obtained certain types of visas, including LV1, LV2, DT, NN1, NN2, DH, PV1, LD, and TT, are eligible to apply for a residence permit.
Foreigners planning to work, invest in the local economy, or join family members who are Vietnamese citizens or residents are eligible to apply for residency. There are also several other grounds for residency.
Citizenship can be obtained through naturalization after five years of living in the country with a permanent residence permit. Eligibility for permanent residency begins after three years of continuous residence.
No. However, those applying for citizenship are expected to have proficiency in the official language to facilitate their integration into Vietnamese society.
The duration of the residency visa varies from one to ten years, depending on the specific visa type and eligibility criteria.
If the application is rejected due to an expiring passport, the applicant can simply renew the passport and reapply. If the issue is age-related, a parent or guardian may submit the documents on behalf of minors. In other cases, consulting an immigration attorney is advisable to explore viable options.
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